Environmental Performance Assessment Scheme (EPAS) - a fair way to report performance
Overview
Foreword by Nicole Paterson, Chief Executive Officer, Scottish Environment Protection Agency
"Scotland’s environment is a unique resource that sits at the heart of our nation’s identity, well-being and prosperity. Our environmental laws help to protect and enhance this vital resource so that future generations can thrive.
Our environmental laws are, however, only effective when there is strong compliance with them. Ensuring that this is the case is an important part of our job.
We are consulting on a new way of assessing environmental performance that is designed to drive quick action to resolve issues that could cause harm to communities and nature. We are proposing a responsive scheme that is transparent about when we have checked compliance and what this means for environmental performance.
Information about environmental performance helps us to hold unacceptable performers to account and this benefits everyone. Good environmental performance is fundamental to maintaining a healthy environment that supports future business opportunities and growth. The majority of operators we regulate achieve good environmental performance and we want the environmental performance assessment scheme (EPAS) to enable them to demonstrate this. But for those that fall short, EPAS will give us all more evidence to take decisive action.
This consultation sets out our proposals for EPAS. We welcome your comments and feedback to help us to make EPAS work to best effect for our environment, communities and sustainable economic growth."
Why your views matter
As Scotland’s principal environmental regulator, our purpose is to protect, improve Scotland’s environment in ways that as far as possible also create health and well-being benefits, and sustainable economic growth.
Our Corporate Plan sets our strategic direction and our Annual Operating Plan implements our priorities. In delivering these priorities we engage with those who have an interest in and are impacted by our regulations and duties. One way we engage is through consultations.
The feedback we receive through our consultations helps us understand what matters most to our communities and businesses, and shapes how we fulfil our duties. After the consultation closes, we’ll take time to consider responses before sharing an update with you through the “we asked, you said, we did” section of our consultation website.
Engagement activities
A series of engagement activities are being planned from late-April to early June to give interested participants an opportunity to find out more. Events will be tailored to different audiences and we will post details here on an ongoing basis and invite interested parties to sign-up via EPAS@sepa.org.uk.
Responding to this consultation
You can respond to this consultation online. Responses should be submitted to us by Monday 30th June 2025.
Where it is not possible to respond via our consultation hub, you can complete the your consultation response and submit this to epas@sepa.org.uk or post to the following address:
SEPA
Angus Smith Building
Unit 6
4 Parklands Avenue
Eurocentral
Holytown
North Lanarkshire
ML1 4WQ
Your response must be received by the closing date of Monday 30th June 2025.
Handling your response
By submitting your response to this consultation, you give us permission to analyse and include your response in our results.
We would like to know if you are happy for your response to be made public. If you ask for your response not to be published, it will be regarded as confidential and treated in accordance with our published Privacy Policy.
If you would like this document in an accessible format, such as large print, audio recording or braille, please contact us by email or telephone 0300 099 6699.
Supporting documents
Document |
Description of contents
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EPAS Consultation
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EPAS Consultation, includes: Annex 1: Regimes to be included in EPAS when this starts Annex 2: Regimes planned for inclusion in EPAS in future
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Annex 3, 1 |
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Annex 3, 2 |
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Annex 3, 3 |
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Annex 3, 4 |
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Annex 3, 5 |
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Annex 3, 6 |
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Annex 3, 7 |
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Annex 3, 8 |
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Annex 3, 9 |
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Annex 4 |
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Glossary |
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Frequently asked questions |
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EPAS respondent information form and consultation questions |
Frequently Asked Questions
Introduction
This FAQs will be updated on an ongoing basis throughout the consultation period to reflect the questions and feedback we receive from stakeholders.
General
What is EPAS?
The Environmental Performance Assessment Scheme (EPAS) is a system to assess performance with respect to adherence to legal environmental requirements.
Why is EPAS important?
It helps protect the environment and ensures everyone follows the rules. It supports regulation, by enabling SEPA to direct regulatory efforts to operators with unacceptable levels of performance.
What is SEPA’s aim for EPAS?
To allow us to routinely and accurately report the environmental performance of operators, in a manner that is easily understood and accessible to all.
What activities are included in EPAS?
The first phase of EPAS will be limited to activities that were included in our 2009-2019 Compliance Assessment Scheme: waste, radioactive substances, industrial activities and water activities. These are also the regimes that will be included in the Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations 2018 as anticipated to be amended in 2025.
In future phases, a further nine regulatory regimes are likely to be included in EPAS. These regimes are described in detail in Annex 2 of the consultation document.
Does environmental performance and compliance with environmental legal requirements include impacts on human health?
Yes. EPAS includes everything that we regulate that could cause environmental harm as defined in the Regulatory Reform (Scotland) Act 2014. This includes harm to the health of human beings, offence to the senses of human beings, and interference with amenities or other legitimate uses of the environment, among other things. Not all activities that could impact on human health are regulated by us, for example, spreading of sewage sludge on agricultural land. Activities that we do not regulate will not be included in EPAS.
Will non-submission of monitoring data be included in EPAS?
Yes. If the relevant report or data has not been received 30 days after the deadline a major non-compliance will be recorded. We need this information to ensure our understanding of the activity is not compromised.
When are compliance issues resolved?
The date that we receive satisfactory evidence from an operator to demonstrate any compliance issues identified are resolved. We will only re-visit a site where it is necessary to confirm an operator has resolved any compliance issues.
How does EPAS address non-compliance that doesn’t meet the bar of a major non-compliance but has an ongoing lower-level cumulative impact on the environment?
Compliance issues that have a lower-level impact on the environment are categorised as non-compliant. Where an issue categorised as non-compliant is ongoing for more than 180 days, an operator will be categorised as Unacceptable. If an operator is Unacceptable for more than 90 days without producing a compliance recovery plan that we have confirmed includes reasonable steps to resolve non-compliance in a timely manner, they will appear on the priority sites list.
How does EPAS meet the better regulation principle of proportionate?
EPAS has been designed to be proportionate, recognising the need to design a scheme that can deliver for complex permits with many conditions to simple permits with very few conditions and across different regulatory regimes. By designing a responsive scheme that gives operators the ability to achieve ‘Good’ environmental performance if they recover compliance quickly, we believe we are being proportionate and fair.
Are complex sites with large numbers of permit conditions disadvantaged?
No, when we inspect complex sites, we do not inspect every condition at every inspection, this would be unmanageable and disproportionate. Instead, we will generally assess a sub-set on a risk basis. This means the total number of conditions assessed does not directly relate to potential numbers of individual non-compliances.
Further, allowing 30 days for an operator to resolve compliance issues which are of lower environmental significance before their environmental performance is affected provides all responsible operators with an incentive and ensures no-one is unfairly disadvantaged. If an issue is categorised as ‘Major non-compliant’, it will always affect environmental performance because these are issues of higher environmental significance. It is important all operators proactively take steps to avoid compliance issues in the first place.
Is it realistic to expect operators to meet all their legal environmental requirements?
Yes. All authorisation conditions and legal environmental requirements should be adhered to. If necessary, an operator can apply at any time to vary or remove permit conditions where this can be justified.
Why don’t you just report the basic compliance category? Why bother with performance?
In our 2017 Compliance Assessment Scheme consultation we proposed to report compliance in this way i.e. compliant, non-compliant and major non-compliant. One of the key pieces of feedback we received to our 2017 consultation was that the majority of respondents disliked this proposal.
Why make compliance information publicly accessible if the performance rating is most important?
From an EPAS perspective our key message has been and will continue to be, do not conflate compliance with performance. The compliance information is not the priority, it is the performance rating that matters.
However, we are a public body and the information we collect via our compliance verification activities should be transparent and accessible. Given that information on level of non-compliance, time in non-compliance and environmental harm contribute to performance we believe this information should be accessible to those that wish to view it. It is important to be clear that even if there were no performance scheme our intent would be to make the information we collect publicly accessible.
Why have you decided to start applying the major non-compliance criteria before EPAS starts?
Our decision to start to apply the major non-compliance criteria before EPAS starts is to give operators time to become familiar with the criteria and have the opportunity to obtain support from us to help manage any compliance issues before performance starts to be assessed. We will not actively publish compliance information until EPAS starts as we want people to focus on environmental performance, which includes whether more serious environmental harm has been caused and how quickly compliance issues were resolved.
What if it is not feasible to produce a compliance recovery plan within 90 days?
We think that 90 days is sufficient time to prepare a compliance recovery plan, recognising that for more complex sites this will need to be done in phases.
Does EPAS affect enforcement action that can be taken?
No. Environmental performance ratings have no relationship to any decision we take on whether or not to take enforcement action in respect of any breach of legislation. Decisions on enforcement are taken in line with our enforcement policy and enforcement guidance. We assess the specific situation against the factors and guidance contained within that policy and Guidance. We will continue to target operators who persistently refuse to comply and who cause environmental harm.
The intention is that EPAS will act as an additional tool to prevent non-compliance. If successful, this may reduce the need to take enforcement action but there is no relationship between an EPAS rating, and any enforcement action taken.
Will a site revert to good when an EPAS rating expires?
No – an EPAS rating will revert to ‘no known issues’. We want the EPAS rating to be as relevant as possible to what the current situation is. We do not think it is appropriate to revert to ‘Good’ when the operator was not ‘Good’ at the time of the EPAS rating calculation. Further, an operator could have taken months to resolve a compliance issue, and a new compliance issue could have occurred in the intervening period that we would not be aware of unless we undertook a repeat inspection, which would be disproportionate.
Why can’t the EPAS rating just last until the next compliance verification activity?
We do not think it is fair for it to last until the next compliance verification activity is completed as this varies depending on the level of risk those activities pose to the environment. For low risk permitted activities there may be several years between planned inspections.
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Audiences
- Anyone from any background
Interests
- Regulated activities
- Better regulation
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